The performance evaluation of polyvinylidene fluoride screen bioreactors for wastewater treatment has gained considerable interest. These systems offer a promising approach to conventional treatment methods due to their excellent removal rate of various waste products. A range of factors,

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product synthesis. This comprehensive review